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5-4-3-2-1 technique

Using the 5-4-3-2-1 technique, you will purposefully take in the details of your surroundings using each of your senses. Strive to notice small details that your mind would usually tune out, such as distant sounds or the texture of an ordinary object.

• What are five things you can see? Look for small details such as a pattern on the ceiling, the way light reflects off a surface, or an object you never noticed.
• What are four things you can feel? Notice the sensation of clothing on your body, the sun on your skin, or the feeling of the chair you are sitting in. Pick up an object and examine its weight, texture, and other physical qualities.
• What are three things you can hear? Pay special attention to the sounds your mind has tuned out, such as a ticking clock, distant traffic, or trees blowing in the wind.
• What are two things you can smell? Try to notice smells in the air around you, like an air freshener or freshly mowed grass. You may also look around for something that has a scent, such as a flower or an unlit candle.
• What is one thing you can taste? Carry gum, candy, or small snacks for this.

 

Categories

Choose at least three of the categories below and name as many items as you can in each one. Spend a few minutes on each category to come up with as many items as possible. 

For a variation on this activity, try naming items in a category alphabetically. For example, for the fruits and vegetables category, say “apple, banana, carrot,” and so on.

 

Body awareness

The body awareness technique will bring you into the here-and-now by directing your focus to sensations in the body. Pay special attention to the physical sensations created by each step.

• Take five long, deep breaths through your nose, and exhale through puckered lips.
• Place both feet flat on the floor. Wiggle your toes. Curl and uncurl your toes several times. Spend a moment noticing the sensations in your feet.
• Stomp your feet on the ground several times. Pay attention to the sensations in your feet and legs as you make contact with the ground.
• Clench your hands into fists, then release the tension. Repeat this 10 times.
• Press your palms together. Press them harder and hold this pose for 15 seconds. Pay attention to the feeling of tension in your hands and arms.
• Rub your palms together briskly. Notice the sound and the feeling of warmth.
• Reach your hands over your head like you’re trying to reach the sky. Stretch like this for five seconds. Bring your arms down and let them relax at your sides.
• Take five more deep breaths and notice the feeling of calm in your body.

Mental exercises

Use mental exercises to take your mind off uncomfortable thoughts and feelings. They are discreet and easy to use at nearly any time or place. Experiment to see which work best for you.

• Name all the objects you see.
• Describe the steps in performing an activity you know how to do well. For example, how to shoot a basketball, prepare your favorite meal, or tie a knot.
• Count backwards from 100 by 7.
• Pick up an object and describe it in detail. Describe its color, texture, size, weight, scent, and any other qualities you notice.
• Spell your full name and the names of three other people, backwards.
• Name all your family members, their ages, and one of their favorite activities.
• Read something backwards, letter-by-letter. Practice for at least a few minutes.
• Think of an object and “draw” it in your mind, or in the air with your finger. Try drawing your home, a vehicle, or an animal

Relaxed breathing

When we are anxious or threatened, our breathing speeds up in order to get our body ready for danger. Relaxed breathing (sometimes called abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing) signals the body that it is safe to relax. Relaxed breathing is slower and deeper than normal breathing and it happens lower in the body (the belly rather than the chest).

How to do relaxed breathing

• To practice make sure you are sitting or lying comfortably.
• Close your eyes if you are comfortable doing so.
• Try to breathe through your nose rather than your mouth.
• Deliberately slow your breathing down. Breathe in to a count of four, pause for a moment, then breathe out to a count of four.
• Make sure that your breaths are smooth, steady, and continuous — not jerky.
• Pay particular attention to your out-breath — make sure it is smooth and steady.

Am I doing it right? What should I be paying attention to?

• Relaxed breathing should be low down in the abdomen (belly) and not high in the chest. You can check this by putting one hand on your stomach and one on your chest.
• Try to keep the top hand still, your breathing should only move the bottom hand.
• Focus your attention on your breath — some people find it helpful to count in their head to begin with. (”In ... two ... three ... four ... pause ... Out ... two ... three ... four ... pause ...”)

How long and how often?

• Try breathing in a relaxed way for at least a few minutes at a time — it might take a few minutes for you to notice an effect. If you are comfortable, aim for five to ten minutes.
• Try to practice regularly — perhaps three times a day.

Variations and troubleshooting

• Find a slow breathing rhythm that is comfortable for you. Counting to four isn’t an absolute rule. Try three or five. The important thing is that the breathing is slow and steady.
• Some people find the sensation of relaxing to be unusual or uncomfortable at first, but this normally passes with practice. Do persist and keep practising.

• Eating regularly and nutritiously
• Staying hydrated
• Getting adequate sleep
• Positive self-talk
• Taking time to exercise or be active
• Meditation and mindfulness
• Relaxation techniques (breathing techniques, progressive relaxation)
• Having a support system
• Taking time to enjoy life
• Having healthy, supportive relationships
• Maintaining life balance
• Managing time effectively

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